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	<title>Permaculture Research InstituteAnimal Processing &#187; Permaculture Research Institute</title>
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	<description>Permaculture News, Commentary and Worldwide Projects.</description>
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	<managingEditor>craig@permaculture.org.au (Permaculture Research Institute)</managingEditor>
	<webMaster>craig@permaculture.org.au (Permaculture Research Institute)</webMaster>
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		<title>Permaculture Research Institute</title>
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	<itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
	<itunes:summary>Changing the world one site at a time</itunes:summary>
	<itunes:keywords></itunes:keywords>
	<itunes:category text="Society &#38; Culture" />
	<itunes:author>Permaculture Research Institute</itunes:author>
	<itunes:owner>
		<itunes:name>Permaculture Research Institute</itunes:name>
		<itunes:email>craig@permaculture.org.au</itunes:email>
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		<item>
		<title>Ecofilms 2011 &#8211; What Are We Working On?</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2011/01/02/ecofilms-2011-what-are-we-working-on/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2011/01/02/ecofilms-2011-what-are-we-working-on/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Jan 2011 11:59:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ecofilms</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Forage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Animal Housing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bird Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breeds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Courses/Workshops]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DVDs/Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Developments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Forests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Plants - Annual]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Plants - Perennial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plant Systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Presentations/Demonstrations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Urban Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Village Development]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=4866</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;re planning a number of exciting new titles to be released in 2011.
Urban Permaculture DVD
One of the complaints we often get from people living in the city is that we focus a little heavily on Permaculture titles that require a large scale farm to get the most benefit from practicing Permaculture.
So we are happy to [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2011/01/02/ecofilms-2011-what-are-we-working-on/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Permacooking &#8211; Milk, Tongue, Eel and Pizza Night</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/13/permacooking-milk-tongue-eel-and-pizza-night/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/13/permacooking-milk-tongue-eel-and-pizza-night/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:08:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marcelo Severo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Forage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Consumerism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demonstration Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Education Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicinal Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recipes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3709</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[More Meat
 I promised last week that I would tell you about the cows here at Zaytuna and I&#8217;m going to do just that. I&#8217;d like for the vegetarians out there (who will find most of this menu unpalatable) to still be interested in reading about these cows because it&#8217;s not just about the beef [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/13/permacooking-milk-tongue-eel-and-pizza-night/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>PermaCooking &#8211; Meat, Marmalade and My Execution Meal</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/04/permacooking-meat-marmalade-and-my-execution-meal/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/04/permacooking-meat-marmalade-and-my-execution-meal/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Aug 2010 09:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marcelo Severo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Processing & Food Preservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recipes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3643</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
The Meat Situation
  The meat situation is this &#8211; we&#8217;ve got a good part of a cow in the freezer, a couple of lambs coming along, and lots of birds that need processing. For the vegetarians out there, I offer you potato gnocci later on for dinner (without the beef ragu of course) and [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/08/04/permacooking-meat-marmalade-and-my-execution-meal/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>PermaCooking &#8211; Your Goose is Cooked</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/29/permacooking-your-goose-is-cooked/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/29/permacooking-your-goose-is-cooked/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Jul 2010 11:18:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marcelo Severo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bird Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demonstration Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Education Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Processing & Food Preservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recipes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3609</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh.jpg" width="520" height="773"/><br />
  <em>One of several Zaytuna Farm geese<br />
  <strong>All photographs &copy; Craig Mackintosh except where credited otherwise</strong></em></p>
<p>We killed a goose at Zaytuna Farm the other day and by my count we served out 60+ student meals from it, plus two day&#8217;s worth of wonderful breakfasts for the staff. Not a bad effort I thought. Pretty good use of a bird. Here&#8217;s what we did&#8230;.</p>
<p><span id="more-3609"></span></p>
<p><strong>Breakfast One</strong></p>
<p> Goose offal on toast accompanied with eggs from our beautiful chickens.</p>
<p> We scramble the eggs with homemade butter that a French friend Jean-Luc brought over as a gift. He also brought homemade cheese and croissants. All good &#8211; good eggs, good butter, good Frenchman. Homemade bread toasted on a wood oven stove. Fresh goose offal saut&eacute;ed with garlic and fresh herbs. Cardamon coffee. Yum.</p>
<p><strong>Breakfast Two</strong></p>
<p> Hash browns and goose ham with tomarillo relish and saut&eacute;ed greens &#8211; served on grilled toast. </p>
<p>This one took a while to prepare&#8230;.</p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/zaytuna_goose_meal.jpg" width="520" height="350"/><br />
    <em>Photo credit: Marcelo Severo</em></p>
<p>You take your goose and remove a breast. Then you take this breast and cure it in a 50/50 (or so) mix of salt and sugar. Spice up your curing mix with aromatics. I used garlic, cloves, juniper berries, fresh cumquat &amp; galangal, some bay leaves&#8230; you get the idea. </p>
<p align="center"><em><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh4.jpg" width="520" height="347"/><br />
  Muscovy geese rest after a leisurely swim on the Zaytuna dam,<br />
  with food forest in background</em></p>
<table border="0" align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/zaytuna_wood_stove.jpg" width="250" height="331"/><br />
        <em>Photo credit: Marcelo Severo</em></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Cure your breast overnight. Then wash off the curing mix, patting the lovely thing gently dry and laying it skin side down on a heavy pan to render out the fat and crisp up the skin. Do this slowly- on the gentlest heat you can manage. We used the wood stove. Not bad the old wood stove. It also warms up the kitchen on these crisp mornings we&#8217;re getting coming into the end of July. And it heats our water, makes the kitchen look pretty and it feeds ash to the compost and if you save your mandarin skins you can put them into a saucepan of water and set it on the stove for the ultimate kitchen incense&#8230;.</p>
<p>And it sure is nice to toast our bread on it while we slice up the goose ham and fry up the hash browns &#8211; made with potatoes from the crop garden, cooked in the rendered goose fat and Jean-Luc&#8217;s good butter, plus a little relish made with tomarillo &amp; galangal plucked from the food forests, some saut&eacute;ed greens straight out of the kitchen garden. What else could you possibly want? </p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh2.jpg" width="521" height="774"/><br />
    <em>Life is good while it lasts</em></p>
<p><strong>Lunch One</strong></p>
<p>How do you stretch one goose missing a breast into lunch for 30 people? You throw it into a pot and cover it with water. Cold water. Put it on the stove and once it starts boiling, bring it down to a gentle simmer. Skim the scum off the surface. (Not much scum on these birds, they live a healthy clean life and are naturally free of impurities.) Throw in some carrot and onion, a few celery leaves, a bay leaf or two, some peppercorns, a piece of lemon. Simmer gently for a couple of hours. </p>
<p>Drain your bird, keeping your stock of course. Eat the feet if you like. They&#8217;re pretty tasty. I never used to think so but then my boss &#8211; a smart Jordanian woman by the name of Nadia showed me the trick. Peel the skin off dummy. With the skin on, goose feet are tasty-but-tough. With the skin off it&#8217;s another story. There&#8217;s nothing between you and the sweetness. A real treat. Thanks Nadia. And thanks for shredding the meat off the goose carcass too. I&#8217;ve worked with a lot of good chefs and I&#8217;ve never seen one strip a bird as economically and quickly as Nadia can. </p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/zaytuna_geoff_nadia_marcelo.jpg" width="520" height="348"/><br />
    <em>Photo credit: Marcelo Severo</em></p>
<p>I make a couscous in her honour, marinating the grain in olive oil spiced up with toasted and crushed cumin seed. I use the stock to soak the couscous &#8211; one litre of hot stock for every kilo of grain. Then fold the shredded meat through with some roasted carrot, dried fruit soaked in tea, toasted nuts and seeds, fried onions, fried garlic, fried ginger, lots of fresh herbs from the garden and a refreshing squeeze of lemon juice. Tasty. And plentiful&#8230;.</p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh3.jpg" width="520" height="347"/></p>
<p><strong>Lunch Two</strong></p>
<p> Leftover shredded goose couscous. </p>
<p>Stretched it out for the next day&#8217;s lunch by accompanying it with radishes, dips and a quick salad. Worked out well for me because I ended up with a little more time up my sleeve to stay outside and dwell in the garden, picking radishes, lettuces and herbs at my leisure, eating the occasional chive flower or deliciously sweet strawberry, marveling at life&#8217;s miracle as the blue wrens flickered about the lemongrass border and the giant bamboos creaked in the wind. Mmmm&#8230; bamboo shoots. Coming soon&#8230;. Why can&#8217;t everywhere be like this? It is possible after all. </p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh7.jpg" width="520" height="775"/></p>
<p><strong>Afternoon Tea</strong></p>
<p> Chocolate cassava cake. </p>
<p> The Brazilian take on cassava cake is you grate enough fresh cassava root to fill the tray you want to bake your cake in. Bind it with grated coconut, sugar, eggs, coconut milk and mix it all together. Bake till it sets. You can&#8217;t go wrong. You could eat this thing raw. My other boss, a smart Englishman named Geoff, does his cassava cake with cream and honey instead of coconut milk and sugar. He likes to use what the farm provides and who can blame him? </p>
<p>But no honey for anybody this time. No one has harvested the honey from the hives lately and I haven&#8217;t the faintest idea how it&#8217;s done. I take the safer option and grab a bottle of pomegranate molasses. There&#8217;s my sweetness. As soon as I pour it in, my nice cassava cake mix turns a not-so-nice colour. I add cocoa to cover up the slip. Chocolate cassava cake it is. Add cinnamon, nutmeg, a touch of chili. I use oil instead of cream or coconut milk and into the oven it goes. Came up ok. Kind of overdid it with the molasses. Turned out more of a slice than a cake but nobody complained. </p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh5.jpg" width="521" height="349"/></p>
<p><strong>Dinner</strong></p>
<p> Colcannon mash and a beef pie made up of a sloppy delicious mess of leftovers. What made it delicious was the beef we used but I&#8217;ll get to the cows here at Zaytuna Farm at a later date. There&#8217;s just too much to say about them and I really want to talk to you about the mash. </p>
<p>You see, <a href="http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/27/permacooking/">like I wrote last week</a>, we&#8217;ve got lots of potatoes here. Lots. And lots of cabbage and kale too. And if you want to know how to cook lots of potatoes and cabbage and kale on a cold winters night, you ask the Irish. And if you listen well you&#8217;ll be told something like Colcannon mash. </p>
<p>So caramelize some shredded onions in butter and oil. Chop up some of the ever-abundant cabbage and kale, and throw them in too. When you saut&eacute; these things, (especially in big batches) it&#8217;s good to add a little at a time rather than all in one heap, so that the ingredients caramelize properly instead of stewing and turning sour. </p>
<p>And with the potatoes it&#8217;s good to peel them and cut them all roughly the same size. Put them in a pot and cover with cold water. I like to throw in a few garlic cloves too &#8211; they go all soft and creamy and they mash up with the potatoes nicely. When they come to the boil, start keeping an eye on them and take them off the heat as soon as they&#8217;re done. Drain and throw them into your pot with the caramelized loveliness of onion, cabbage and kale. Throw in as much butter and cream as you can handle, a little nutmeg and maybe some roughly chopped parsley. Mash it all up and slop it onto a warm plate. Throw on a chunk of good beef pie, and maybe a little tomarillo relish to spice things up a bit. Then settle down to a nice warm comforting dinner after a relaxing day of economical cooking using leftovers and the steady garden supply. Cold Channon mash? Yes please.</p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/goose_zaytuna_craig_mackintosh6.jpg" width="519" height="774"/></p>
]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/29/permacooking-your-goose-is-cooked/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Permacooking</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/27/permacooking/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/27/permacooking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 13:01:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marcelo Severo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Forests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Plants - Annual]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food Plants - Perennial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicinal Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Processing & Food Preservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recipes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3571</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
  The farmer and the cook with Ethiopian Cabbage
First Week
  I&#8217;ve just finished my first week working as the farm cook for the Permaculture Research Institute at Zaytuna Farm and already it&#8217;s been an amazing experience. To be able to cook at this wonderful and dynamic farm is a delight for all the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/27/permacooking/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Home Cheese-Making DVD Hits the Road!</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/08/home-cheese-making-dvd-hits-the-road/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/08/home-cheese-making-dvd-hits-the-road/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jul 2010 11:24:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ecofilms</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DVDs/Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fermenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Processing & Food Preservation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3441</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Okay, it&#8217;s taken a while and we were expecting to release this title last year. We even had a few people ask for it for last year&#8217;s Christmas, but the truth is we took too long to finish it. So now it&#8217;s here, ready to go! Elisabeth Fekonia&#8217;s Home Cheesemaking and All Things Dairy DVD [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/07/08/home-cheese-making-dvd-hits-the-road/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>13</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Sad Truth About Sow Stalls</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/06/17/sad-truth-about-sow-stalls/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/06/17/sad-truth-about-sow-stalls/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jun 2010 12:48:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Doron Francis</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Housing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Consumerism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=3305</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Doron Francis, CERES Food Connect

  Sow Stalls, legal in Australia
Recently I was chatting to a bunch of seemingly well informed people about Food Inc the movie. One of the comments made was that the film was about industrial agricultural in the USA, so wasn’t ‘relevant’ to Australians. It’s interesting to see how very [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/06/17/sad-truth-about-sow-stalls/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Life at Zaytuna &#8211; Meet Red</title>
		<link>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/02/24/life-at-zaytuna-meet-red/</link>
		<comments>http://permaculture.org.au/2010/02/24/life-at-zaytuna-meet-red/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 10:08:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Lindsay Dailey</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Processing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demonstration Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Education Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Livestock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Waste Systems & Recycling]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://permaculture.org.au/?p=2540</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Editor&#8217;s Preamble:</strong> People are increasingly disgusted with the cruelty, disease and pollution associated with factory farms. Events like the recent Swine Flu pandemic, <a href="http://permaculture.org.au/2009/04/29/pandemic-ahoy/">which appears to have originated with the world&#8217;s largest hog producer, Smithfield Foods</a>, are helping us to see the error of our corporate ways. Large scale of any activity almost always compromises ecological and ethical principles, and the factory farming of sentient beings is a tragic example of this. The post below, from a recent <a href="http://permaculture.org.au/wwoofing/">Wwoofer</a> to Zaytuna Farm (PRI&#8217;s home base), decribes a far healthier and more compassionate approach for those who choose to eat meat, and one where there is no waste &#8211; as all &#8216;by products&#8217; are utilised by other elements of the system. It should also be noted that PRI is sensitive to individual food choices of students on courses run at PRI&#8217;s Zaytuna Farm, and thus are catered for accordingly.</p>
<p>Thanks to <a href="http://www.healersbydesign.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Lindsay Dailey</a> for the submission!</p>
<p align="left"> This is Red:</p>
<p align="center"> <img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/red_steak.jpg" width="521" height="393"/><br />
  9:30pm</p>
<p><span id="more-2540"></span></p>
<p align="left"> This is Red:</p>
<p align="center"> <img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/red_freezer.jpg" width="521" height="393"/><br />
  6:00pm</p>
<p align="left">This is Red:</p>
<p align="center"> <img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/red_butchering.jpg" width="521" height="392"/><br />
  3:00pm</p>
<p align="left"> This is Red&#8217;s papa, Billy:</p>
<p align="center"> <img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/red_billy.jpg" width="521" height="510"/></p>
<p align="left"> And this is Red, a one year old bull, on the afternoon of his transformation &#8211; from living, breathing being to food on our plate:</p>
<p align="center"> <img src="http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/red.jpg" width="520" height="510"/></p>
<p align="left">He spent his last day with the goats in the home pasture, while the rest of the herd was sent out to pasture so they would not be traumatized by witnessing his death.</p>
<p align="left">  Red was slaughtered in the loving hands of his caretaker and master; it was not very dramatic. He was roped in the pasture, and after a quick prayer quickly sliced through the adam’s apple, and held down by three (strong) men while his muscles spasmed. He bled to death. It was quick and painless, and Red was surrounded by people who knew him in life and honored the passing of his spirit.</p>
<p align="left">  We spent several hours cutting up the carcass into separate cuts of meat. It was amazing to see a T-bone, top side, and flank steak miraculously peel away from the carcass under the hands of an experienced butcher. Everything was cut up, labeled, and packaged to freeze, from the liver to the tongue to the legs &#8211; if not for human consumption, then for the dogs (they eat well around here).</p>
<p align="left">  When we finished, all that was left were the entrails, which were wheelbarrowed over to the chicken tractor. Three days later, Red’s guts are now full of flies and maggots which the chickens are quickly consuming. While the stench of rotting guts is unbearable (if you happen to walk past that section of the farm), it is comforting to know that every last inch of Red is being put to use, or recycled back in to the system. Not a cell of his body is &#8220;waste.&#8221;</p>
<p align="left">  Witnessing little Red’s slaughter and butchering was powerful, especially after having taken care of him for a few days, since my farm duties include taking the cows out to pasture each day.</p>
<p align="left">  But the moment when I suddenly felt overcome with emotion occurred around midnight after the slaughter was cleaned up, and our bellies were full of the most delicious steak I have ever had.</p>
<p align="left">  Geoff and I took Bluey (the cattle dog) out to the field, and we brought back the herd of nine cows, one less than usual. I was nervous that they would smell the death on us, but they were responsive and docile, peacefully walking back to the paddock where they are kept at night. They passed the site of the slaughter, and kept plodding on.</p>
<p align="left">  I breathed a sigh of relief.</p>
<p align="left">  The herd had almost reached the shoot to the home paddock, and then as if on cue, all nine of them pivoted simultaneously, and slowly turned around to stare at the site of the slaughter a few hundred meters away. Billy the bull, patriarch, and Red’s papa, began to wail. </p>
<p align="left">  And then I witnessed a site I never imagined – a herd of cows mourning. They lined up single file and walked to the site of the slaughter, circled around, and moaned and brayed. </p>
<p align="left">  Never have I felt more connected to, and thankful for, the food that I eat. As I stood there in the darkness, quiet and in awe at the herd&#8217;s expression of loss, I was overcome with gratitude for the cow that filled my belly, the grass that fed the cow, the soil that fed the grass, the microbes that fed the soil….</p>
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